Fundamentals of Sociology Vikash Ranjan is the well defined and well explained blogs for UPSC Sociology Optional Paper 1 and Paper 2 for Civil Services Examination (CSE). These notes are purely Written by one and only Vikash Ranjan Sir for UPSC Civil Services Examination.
Qualitative and Quantitative Methods (Relevant for Sociology optional for UPSC CSE) Paper-1 ,Unit-3 : Qualitative and Quantitative Methods Before analyzing methods, it is necessary to understand difference between ‘scientific method’ and ‘scientific methodology’. Method is a tool or a technique used to collect data. It is a procedure for obtaining knowledge based on empirical observations …
Non-Positivist Methodologies (Relevant for Sociology optional for UPSC CSE) Paper-1 ,Unit-2 : Non-Positivist Methodologies When it was realized by scholars that sociological issues cannot be addressed using fixed laws only, they turned from positivism to non-positivism. While positivist methodologies saw society as given and man as mere part of it governed by its rules. Non …
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Fact Value and Objectivity (Relevant for Sociology optional for UPSC CSE) Paper-1 ,Unit-2 : Fact Value and Objectivity Fact and theory There is an intricate relation between theory and fact. The popular understanding of this relationship obscures more than it illuminates. They are generally conceived as direct opposites. Theory is confused with speculation and theory …
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Positivism and Its Critique (Relevant for Sociology optional for UPSC CSE) Paper-1 ,Unit-2 : Positivism and Its Critique Many of the founding fathers of sociology believed that it would be possible to create a science of society based on the same principles and procedures as the natural sciences such as chemistry and biology. This approach is known as positivism. Auguste Comte (1798-1857), who is credited with inventing …
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Major Theoretical Strands in Research Methodology (Relevant for Sociology optional for UPSC CSE) Paper-1 ,Unit-2 : Major Theoretical Strands in Research Methodology Facts never interpret themselves. To make sense out of life, we use our common sense. That is, to understand our experiences (our “facts”), we place them into a framework of more-or-less related ideas. …
Science Scientific Method and Critique (Relevant for Sociology optional for UPSC CSE) Paper-1 ,Unit-2 : Science Scientific Method and Critique Science is “a systematized body of knowledge”. An essential feature of scientific knowledge is that it is based upon ‘sensory observation or empirical data’. Next, the information acquired through sensory observation has been made meaningful …
Sociology and Common Sense Knowledge (Relevant for Sociology optional for UPSC CSE) Paper-1 ,Unit-1 : Sociology and Common Sense Knowledge Sociological knowledge is different from theological and philosophical observations. Likewise sociology is different from common sense observation. Many a time we make certain statements which we have not to prove that they are true. They are based either on common …
Scope of the Subject and Comparison with other Social Sciences (Relevant for Sociology optional for UPSC CSE) Paper-1 ,Unit-1 : Scope of the Subject and Comparison with other Social Sciences The scope of sociological study is extremely wide. It can focus its analysis on interactions between teachers and students, between two friends or family members etc. …
Modernity and Social Changes in Europe and Emergence of Sociology (Relevant for Sociology optional for UPSC CSE) Paper-1 ,Unit-1 : Modernity and Social Changes in Europe and Emergence of Sociology Modernity And Modernization Modernity is associated with the sweeping changes that took place in the society-particularly social, economic and cultural changes. Modernity involves values and norms that are …
